Motivation Theory In Business Essays - Motivational Theories

Motivation Theory In Business B-12, G-47, I-24, O-51, I-5, N-36.BINGO!!!!!! A simple game of bingo, if analyzed closely, can be shown to be a tedious task consisting of a repetitive action that occurs after being prompted by a repetitive stimulus. The skill level needed to make that action is low, and the variability in the rules of the game rarely changes. This game is not unlike many of the jobs that can be classified as having low motivational potential scores (Hackman, et al). So why do people not only enjoy playing games like bingo, but actually pay money to have the pleasure? The answer directly points to the motivating factors of monetary rewards and recognition which are provided on a variable-ratio schedule. Motivation by reinforcement (Miller). There are many theories regarding motivation with the most prevalent being the theories of Maslow and Herzberg. It is important to understand these theories and their implications to accurately comment on reinforcement theories of motivation. According to Maslows hierarchy of needs, there are five classes: (1) physiological, (2) safety, (3) social, (4) esteem, and (5) self-actualization. Each lower level need must be satisfied before an individual experiences higher level needs. Also, Maslow hypothesized that as physiological, safety, social, and esteem needs were satisfied, they ceased to motivate, while the self-actualization needs actually motivate an individual more as they are satisfied (Schwab, 1978: 57). Herzberg used this theory as a base to build his motivation-hygiene theory which ties Maslows needs to on the job achievement. The hygiene elements relate to low needs (physiological, safety, and social). For an individual, hygiene conditions include company policy and adminis tration, supervision, relationships with peers and supervisors, work conditions, salary, status, and security. These, according to Herzberg account for 69% of the factors which cause employee dissatisfaction or lack of motivation. The motivation conditions, which include achievement, the job itself, recognition, responsibilities, and personal growth, accounted for 81% of the factors which contributed to job satisfaction. The hygiene conditions are extrinsic factors while the motivation conditions are intrinsic factors, and the only way to sustain motivation toward organizational goals is through the achievement of intrinsic outcomes. Each of these theories have proven to contain ideas consistent with human nature, but each also has its limitations within organizational settings. Because lower order needs are generally satisfied in the workplace today, managers have to deal with how to provide esteem and self-actualization to their employees, and that can be a nebulous concept to a m anager who demands results immediately. Also, studies demonstrate that different workers are motivated by different factors be them intrinsic or extrinsic. Centers and Bugentals studies on intrinsic and extrinsic job motivation among different segments of the working population, show that while skilled workers are motivated the intrinsic rewards of their employment, lesser skilled workers in jobs that are deemed routine were motivated by extrinsic factors such as incentives and bonuses. This fact can be reaffirmed by analyzing union contacts and job descriptions in an industry like the steel industry. Employees who have routine jobs or jobs that have little in the way of decision making are often provided high monetary incentives based on productivity and quality. These ideas do not discount the work of Herzberg and Maslow, but instead show that as needs progress up the hierarchy ladder, focus must be made on what a manager should do to provide their workers with what they lack, an increasingly difficult task that have influenced the motivational theories of job enrichment (Hackman, et al. 1975). Job enrichment efforts have proven somewhat successful in improving performance and attitude amongst employees. Job enrichment theories are analogous to why people enjoy games so much. M. Scott Meyer wrote in his book, Every Employee a Manager, that the key to job enrichment can be related to why people enjoy bowling. His answer sums of the seven characteristics of bowling: 1. The bowler has a visible goal, 2. he has a challenging but attainable goal, 3. he is working according to his own personally accepted standards, 4. he receives immediate feedback, 5. he has an opportunity to satisfy social needs, 6. he is an accepted member of a group, and 7. he can earn recognition. The one thing that job enrichment cannot do, however, is make

What You Need to Know About Becoming a Paramedic

What You Need to Know About Becoming a Paramedic As a general rule, a paramedic is not someone you want to see- if they show up, that means something has likely gone very wrong. But as emergency first responders, they’re definitely the people you want on call for when things do go wrong. Paramedics are often the first on the scene of an accident, illness, or crisis. They perform immediate life-saving measures, if necessary, and stabilize patients en route to a hospital or doctor’s office for further diagnosis and treatment. The Day-to-DayLicensed paramedics, who are among the most skilled emergency responders, do not work in a 9-to-5 setting. Rather, they work in shifts around the clock, and are often on call at all hours, including weekends and holidays. The â€Å"office† may be a dispatch center or on the road in an ambulance, traveling to and from emergency calls. Paramedics provide emergency medical care and rescue services based on incoming calls or requests and can be employed by private ambulance compani es, fire departments, hospitals, or other rescue agencies.Also, know that paramedics are not interchangeable with Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs). They go above and beyond first aid and basic patient transport, having the extra training and licensing that allows them to perform advanced medical intervention if necessary- intubating patients so they can breathe, inserting IV lines, and administering medications.Becoming a paramedic is definitely not for the faint of heart. Even though the stereotypical â€Å"blood and guts† aspect is only a small part of what paramedics do (which also includes helping chronically ill patients in addition to accident victims or those with sudden or acute sickness), paramedics are often called to dangerous and active rescue scenes. Stress and on-the-job injuries can result from the hectic life of a paramedic, so potential candidates should be aware of the risks.For more on the daily life of a paramedic, read about it in this Lifehacker inte rview with Paramedic Andy Orin or watch this video interview with Paramedic Kelly Grayson.The RequirementsParamedics need to complete a postsecondary degree program, pass an exam, and apply for a license. The paramedic course of study usually takes 1,200 to 1,800 hours to complete. And although every state requires paramedics to be licensed, each state may have different requirements, so be sure to check out your own state’s regulations.The SkillsParamedics receive training in a number of areas, including:CPR and first aidPatient airway treatment and managementPharmacology (medications)Traumatic injury managementInserting IV linesBasic patient medical careManaging acute conditions (such as diabetic shock, strokes, or heart attacks)General clinical trainingThe PayPer the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), paramedics earn a median salary of $31,700.The OutlookThere’s no shortage of emergencies, unfortunately, so the demand for these highly skilled, essential first re sponders will continue to grow. The BLS expects that the demand will expand at least 24% by 2024, significantly faster than most other jobs and industries.The life of a paramedic is one of both hectic activity (when things are busy) and anticipation (down time when no calls are coming in). It’s an extremely demanding, stressful, and challenging field, to be sure- but if you have a fondness for adrenaline and the ability to stay icy cool under the hottest pressure, then it just might be the right Allied Health career for you to consider.Interested? APPLY HERE

Management Accounting Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management Accounting - Coursework Example Available at: . Anderson, DR, Sweeny, DJ, Williams, TA & Martin, RK 2007, An introduction to management science: Quantitative approaches to decision making, 12th edn, Cengage Learning. This book is quite helpful in the field of management accounting and the quantitative perspectives in decision making. The book has a great deal of citations proving academic value of wide content. The methods, calculations and examples in the book are accurate and simple to understand and can be used for real world cases. This text demonstrates how quantitative measures including labour costs, units produced and hours worked can be analysed and findings used for decision making. I will use this book to show how quantitative measures can be applied in management accounting mainly in budgeting. This book shows the relevance of quantitative measures in decision making and I agree with this concept. Available at: . Atrill, P & McLeany, E 2003, Accounting and finance for non-specialists, 4th edn, Financial Times/Prentice Hall. In this edition, the text introduces fundamental values and principal concepts of accounting and finance. It takes on practical and non-technical perspectives that I can apply in management accounting and decision making. The text is written from a 'user' perspective, signifying ways in which accounting statements and financial information can be used to develop the value of decision making. This book gives the relationship between the financial and accounting principles and this has been proven by studies over the years. Available at: . Atrill, P & McLeany, E 2009, Management accounting for decision makers, 6th edn, Financial Times/Prentice Hall. This book gives a clear understanding of management accounting and how it is applied in decision making. This edition gives an introduction to the main principles in management accounting including costing, budgeting and strategic management accounting with a strong practical importance and avoids extreme technical as pects. It gives a clear description on how accounting information can be used by management to better the quality of decision making. I can use this book to discuss the major areas in my proposal which are: budgeting, strategic management accounting and decision making. The text delves on the positive impacts of proper management accounting in decision making process. Available at: . Callahan, KR, Stetz, GS & Brooks, LM 2007, Project management accounting: Budgeting, tracking, and reporting costs and profitability, John Wiley and Sons. The concepts in this text are centred on sound accounting practices that are used to improve the management of firms and their